The term "Anime" was used to refer exclusively the animated works made in Japan which in itself has a unique art style. Some of the features of that art style are big eyes to accentuate their facial and emotional expression, lower frame rate and static background. These days with more and more works like Nickelodeon's Avatar: The Last Airbender, Netflix's Castlevania, and Rooster Teeth's RWBY being made in the same art style by companies based not in Japan, the word "Anime" is used to refer any works made in that same art style.
By the way, I need to say that not all cartoons are made for Children (Archer and Bojack Horseman) nor all Anime has a superior art (Shin-chan and Doraemon) (this is mostly due to them being made for Children; Most Children don't seek superior art and just want some laughs and gags). This is because of their art style and they both have their own pros and cons. One just needs to appreciate them both.